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Mutex

A mutex lets one thread at a time enter a critical section that protects an invariant.

flowchart LR J[Junior: protect state] --> M[Middle: prevent deadlock] --> S[Senior: tune contention] --> P[Professional: understand implementations]
flowchart LR W1 --> Lock{Mutex} --> State[(Shared state)] W2 --> Lock
Level Guide You are done when
Junior Start You can protect one invariant safely.
Middle Apply You can control scope and lock order.
Senior Operate You can diagnose contention and inversion.
Professional Design You can select and govern lock designs.

Practice rule: Associate each mutex with a documented invariant, not a code region.

Shared memory | Atomics