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Evaluation and Execution Models — Middle

Bytecode VMs trade portability for dispatch overhead. AOT compilers pay work before execution; JITs use runtime profiles after warmup. Exceptions and effects constrain reordering. Async execution suspends at defined points and resumes through a scheduler.

Compare startup, steady-state throughput, memory, and tail latency on one representative program.

Test yourself

  1. Why can lazy evaluation retain memory?
  2. What does an async suspension preserve?
  3. Why is warmup part of a JIT benchmark?

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